Evaluation tool for demand-side management of domestic hot water load

This thesis presents the development of an evaluation tool for demand-side management (DSM) of domestic hot water systems (DHWSs). The developed tool provides accurate modeling and predictions of potential peak demand reductions through direct control of DHWSs. It aims to assist distribution system operators (DSOs) in designing a DSM program to deliver desired peak load reductions while maintaining a satisfactory level of comfort for all consumers. The developed tool estimates the available domestic hot water load in a controlled area, and determines optimal switching programs for direct load control (DLC). A switching program refers to a direct control schedule that strategically switches DHWSs on and off in order to achieve a desired load reduction during peak periods. To calculate the power consumption and temperature profile of a DHWS, we developed a multi-layer thermally stratified hot water system model and validated it with experimental data. The tool employs Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations to generate hot water consumption profiles for domestic consumers, and uses the hot water system model to obtain the loads associated with these hot water consumption profiles. Switching programs for DLC found via iterative optimizations, are applied to these hot water loads to meet the peak reduction targets set by the tool user. Key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate the performance of these switching programs and the impact on consumers' comfort as a result of implementing DLC, were also developed.