2946 26 archive 270 disk0/00/00/29/46 2008-02-05 21:02:49 2008-07-18 10:30:06 2008-07-16 16:45:55 article show L.K.Kriwoken@utas.edu.au Hedge P Kriwoken L L.K.Kriwoken@utas.edu.au Patten K pub 300801 public Integrated pest management, saltmarsh grass, rice grass, cordgrass, coastal weeds, Spartina 05/02/08 mmc Dear Ms. McCoy, Please feel free to place this article in your institutional repository. Michael D. Netherland, Ph.D USACE ERDC Env. Laboratory Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants 7922 NW 71st Street Gainesville, FL 32653 Ph 352-392-0335 Fax 352-392-3462 emailed publisher 05/02/08 Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc. Management of non-native Spartina plants including Spartina alterniflora Lois., Spartina anglica C. Hubb and Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. in Washington State, U.S. evolved during the 1990s from small-scale field trials to a large-scale integrated pest management program. The development and implementation of the program were significantly hindered by stakeholder conflict, particularly regarding the use of herbicide in estuarine environments. In 1995, Washington State Department of Agriculture was appointed to manage these invasive species. Agency coordination and strategy reviews were undertaken. A wide range of control techniques, including physical removal, mowing and herbicide, were established, with all techniques demonstrating considerable limitations. The combination of mowing and herbicide provided the greatest efficacy but was expensive. Development of biological control options is in progress but will take years to prove effectiveness for Spartina management. Program progress based on existing mapping and efficacy data is difficult to gauge. This program demonstrates that Spartina plants are difficult and expensive to eradicate. Between 1995 and 2000, infestations increased in area by 250%, affecting more than 8,093 ha of intertidal land. During this period, approximately 15% of the infestation was treated annually. Although the program has evolved considerably, substantially increasing knowledge on the management of Spartina , infestations in Washington State continue to present a range of management challenges, including the development of a standardized and integrated mapping procedures, cost-effective control techniques and improvements to stakeholder management. 2003-07 published Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 41 82-90 TRUE 0146-6623 http://www.apms.org/japm/vol41/v41p82.pdf 3907 3 2946 1 application/pdf en public cc_utas

A_review_of_Spartina_Management.pdf

A_review_of_Spartina_Management.pdf 104268 http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2946/1/A_review_of_Spartina_Management.pdf