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Abstract

The plant growth hormones auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are major determinants of
plant growth and development. Recently, key signalling components for these hormones have been identified in vascular
plants and, at least for the GAs and BRs, biosynthetic pathways have been clarified. The genome sequencing of a range of
species, including a few non-flowering plants, has allowed insight into the evolution of the hormone systems. It appears that
the moss Physcomitrella patens can respond to auxin and contains key elements of the auxin signalling pathway, although
there is some doubt as to whether it shows a fully developed rapid auxin response. Onthe other hand, P. patens does not show
aGAresponse, even though it contains genes for components ofGAsignalling. TheGAresponse system appears to be more
advanced in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii than in P. patens. Signalling systems for BRs probably arose after the
evolutionary divergence of the mosses and vascular plants, although detailed information is limited. Certainly, the processes
affected by the growth hormones (e.g. GAs) can differ in the different plant groups, and there is evidence that with the
evolution of the angiosperms, the hormone systems have become more complex at the gene level. The intermediate nature of
mosses in terms of overall hormone biology allows us to speculate about the possible relationship

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Ross, JJ and Reid, JB
Keywords:	plant hormones IAA gibberellin auxin ABA
Journal or Publication Title:	Functional Plant Biology
ISSN:	1445-4408
DOI / ID Number:	10.1071/FP10063
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