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Abstract

The 1992 international agreement known as Agenda 21 represents a paradigm shift
away from sectoral management towards more comprehensive management
approaches. A key tenet of Agenda 21 is the need for 'integrated management and
sustainable development of coastal and marine areas, including exclusive economic
zones' (Agenda 21, Programme Area A). Despite calls for integrated management at all
levels of government, however, sectoral management prevails due to such factors as
entrenched mind-sets, administrative fragmentation and political expediency. This
thesis investigates the argument that sectoral management is unable to deal with
complex, cross-linked issues and that integrated management is an appropriate,
alternative method for approaching environmental management, particularly within the
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Comparative analysis is used to assess 17 case studies of integrated marine management
within Australia, Canada and the United States of America. Comparison is structured
on a series of ten common criteria distilled from the literature, and which in their entirety
comprise a generic process of integrated management. Given these criteria, case studies
are examined to determine whether management objectives and outcomes are really
integrated, and whether the lessons of practice transcend the limitations of their unique
(federal) contexts.
Analysis demonstrates that despite structural differences, the concept of integrated
management advocated by the three nations is very similar. Furthermore, aspects of
integrated management have been pursued with some success, indicating that the
process has the capacity to address cross-linked issues. However implementation of
integrated marine management remains a significant hurdle and there are few marine
management programs which can claim to be fully integrated in practice. Future
application of integrated management within the federal EEZ requires policy and
management to be approached from the perspective of issue aspects rather than isolated
activities. It also requires: a consistent set of policy principles on which to base
management; adequate and assured resources; a 'level playing field' for the
reconciliation of sectoral interests; a 'two track' (top-down and bottom-up) approach to
management; strategic planning; mechanisms for coordination and harmonisation; and
explicit processes to allow for institutional learning.
The thesis concludes that marine conservation may no longer be treated as a separate
concern within itself but must be incorporated within comprehensive policy and
management arrangements. Integrated marine management is one means for balancing
environmental and development interests and presents a potentially feasible management
option for resolving complex issues in the EEZ.

Item Type:	Thesis - PhD
Authors/Creators:	Kiessling, Ilse Louise
Keywords:	Marine ecology, Marine parks and reserves, Marine resources, Economic zones (Law of the sea)
Copyright Holders:	The Author
Copyright Information:	Copyright 1998 the Author - The University is continuing to endeavour to trace the copyright owner(s) and in the meantime this item has been reproduced here in good faith. We would be pleased to hear from the copyright owner(s).
Additional Information:	Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tasmania, 1999. Includes bibliographical references
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