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Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

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Marouli, E, Graff, M, Medina-Gomez, C, Lo, KS, Wood, AR, Kjaer, TR, Fine, RS, Lu, Y, Schurmann, C, Highland, HM, Rueger, S, Thorleifsson, G, Justice, AE, Lamparter, D, Stirrups, KE, Turcot, V, Young, KL, Winkler, TW, Esko, T, Karaderi, T, Locke, AE, Masca, NGD, Ng, MCY, Mudgal, P, Rivas, MA and Hewitt, AW

2017 , 'Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height' , Nature, vol. 542, no. 7640 , pp. 186-190 , doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21039.

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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1038/nature21039

Abstract

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Marouli, E and Graff, M and Medina-Gomez, C and Lo, KS and Wood, AR and Kjaer, TR and Fine, RS and Lu, Y and Schurmann, C and Highland, HM and Rueger, S and Thorleifsson, G and Justice, AE and Lamparter, D and Stirrups, KE and Turcot, V and Young, KL and Winkler, TW and Esko, T and Karaderi, T and Locke, AE and Masca, NGD and Ng, MCY and Mudgal, P and Rivas, MA and Hewitt, AW
Journal or Publication Title:	Nature
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	0028-0836
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21039
Copyright Information:	© 2017 Macmillan Publishers
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Hewitt, AW UTAS Profile: Hewitt, AW
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