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Abstract

Aims/Hypothesis: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major dietary contributor to fructose intake. A molecular pathway involving the carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may influence sugar metabolism and, thereby, contribute to fructose-induced metabolic disease. We hypothesise that common variants in 11 genes involved in fructose metabolism and the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway may interact with SSB intake to exacerbate positive associations between higher SSB intake and glycaemic traits.Methods: Data from 11 cohorts (six discovery and five replication) in the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided association and interaction results from 34,748 adults of European descent. SSB intake (soft drinks, fruit punches, lemonades or other fruit drinks) was derived from food-frequency questionnaires and food diaries. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified: (1) the associations between SSBs and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose and fasting insulin); and (2) the interactions between SSBs and 18 independent SNPs related to the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway.Results: In our combined meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts, after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI and other dietary covariates, each additional serving of SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose (β ± SE 0.014 ± 0.004 [mmol/l], p = 1.5 × 10-3) and higher fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.005 [log e pmol/l], p = 2.0 × 10-10). No significant interactions on glycaemic traits were observed between SSB intake and selected SNPs. While a suggestive interaction was observed in the discovery cohorts with a SNP (rs1542423) in the β-Klotho (KLB) locus on fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.011 log e pmol/l, uncorrected p = 0.006), results in the replication cohorts and combined meta-analyses were non-significant.Conclusions/Interpretation: In this large meta-analysis, we observed that SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin. Although a suggestive interaction with a genetic variant in the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway was observed in the discovery cohorts, this observation was not confirmed in the replication analysis.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	McKeown, NM and Dashti, HS and Ma, J and Haslam, DE and Kiefte-de Jong, JC and Smith, CE and Tanaka, T and Graff, M and Lemaitre, RN and Rybin, D and Sonestedt, E and Frazier-Wood, AC and Mook-Kanamori, DO and Li, Y and Wang, CA and Leermakers, ETM and Mikkila, V and Young, KL and Mukamal, KJ and Cupples, LA and Schulz, CA and Chen, TA and Li-Gao, R and Huang, T and Oddy, WH and Raitakari, O and Rice, K and Meigs, JB and Ericson, U and Steffen, LM and Rosendaal, FR and Hofman, A and Kahonen, M and Psaty, BM and Brunkwall, L and Uitterlinden, AG and Viikari, J and Siscovick, DS and Seppala, I and North, KE and Mozaffarian, D and Dupuis, J and Orho-Melander, M and Rich, SS and de Mutsert, R and Qi, L and Pennell, CE and Franco, OH and Lehtimaki, T and Herman, MA
Keywords:	Carbohydrate metabolism, epidemiology, genetics, meta-analysis, nutrition, type 2 diabetes
Journal or Publication Title:	Diabetologia
Publisher:	Springer-Verlag
ISSN:	0012-186X
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Oddy, WH
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