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Abstract

The increase in contributions from non base load renewables, such as wind and solar,can have adverse effects on the stability of an electrical grid. In this study, the possibility of rapidlyloading a Francis turbine from a tail water depression (TWD) mode for providing additional systemfrequency control is investigated. Based on the analysis of full-scale TWD test results and keyfindings from the transient testing of a micro-hydro scale turbine unit, a detailed description ofthe TWD transition process is given. The formulation of an improved turbine model for use inone-dimensional hydro-electric plant models is presented with simulation results compared tofull-scale data. The analytical model, which calculates output power according to the conservation ofangular momentum and identified sources of loss, is used in parallel with full-scale and model scaletest observations to elucidate the events and mechanisms occurring during this proposed transition.The output response, in terms of active power, was found to be highly dependent on guide vaneopening rate in both full-scale and model tests. For an approximate doubling in opening rate, theduration of the reverse power flow was reduced by 38% and 21%, for full-scale and model units,while the low pressure transient increased by 16% and 8%, respectively. The analytical model wasshown to capture the general response characteristic in all cases tested; however, output powerresponse was over predicted due to two identified model assumptions made, while, for the morerapid opening, the penstock pressure was under predicted by approximately 15%.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Giosio, DR and Henderson, AD and Walker, JM and Brandner, PA
Keywords:	hydro-electric power generation, power system dynamics, hydraulic turbine, Francis Turbine, rapid start-up, transient operation, dynamic simulation model
Journal or Publication Title:	Energies
Publisher:	M D P I AG
ISSN:	1996-1073
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040496
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Giosio, DR Google Scholar: Henderson, AD UTAS Profile: Henderson, AD Google Scholar: Walker, JM UTAS Profile: Walker, JM Google Scholar: Brandner, PA UTAS Profile: Brandner, PA
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