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Abstract

Background: Non-viral injecting-related injuries and diseases (IRID), such as abscesses and vasculardamage, can result in significant morbidity and mortality if untreated. There has been no systematicassessment of the prevalence of non-viral IRID among people who inject drugs; this review aimed toaddress this gap, as well as identify risk factors for experience of specific IRID.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases to identify studies on the prevalence of,or risk factors for, IRID directly linked to injecting in samples of people who inject illicit drugs.Results: We included 33 studies: 29 reported IRID prevalence in people who inject drugs, and 17 provideddata on IRID risk factors. Skin and soft tissue infections at injecting sites were the most commonlyreported IRID, with wide variation in lifetime prevalence (6–69%). Female sex, more frequent injecting,and intramuscular and subcutaneous injecting appear to be associated with skin and softtissue infectionsatinjecting sites. Cleaning injecting sites was protective against skin infections. Other IRID included infectiveendocarditis (lifetime prevalence ranging from 0.5–12%); sepsis (2–10%); bone and joint infections(0.5–2%); and thrombosis and emboli (3–27%).Conclusions: There were significant gaps in the data, including a dearth of research on prevalence of IRIDin low- and middle-income countries, and potential risk and protective factors for IRID. A consistentapproach to measurement, including standardised definitions of IRID, is required for future research.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Larney, S and Peacock, A and Mathers, BM and Hickman, M and Degenhardt, L
Keywords:	abscess, endocarditis, substance abuse, intravenous, people who inject drugs
Journal or Publication Title:	Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0376-8716
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.029
Copyright Information:	© 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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