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Abstract

Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other anthropogenic pressures. Hence identifying the influences of multi-faceted ocean change, from local to global scales, is a complex task. To guide policy-making and make projections of the future of the marine biosphere, it is essential to understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary and ecological levels. Here, we contrast and compare different approaches to multiple driver experiments that aim to elucidate biological responses to a complex matrix of ocean global change. We present the benefits and the challenges of each approach with a focus on marine research, and guidelines to navigate through these different categories to help identify strategies that might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental evolutionary biology, and community ecology. Our Review reveals that the field of multiple driver research is being pulled in complementary directions: the need for reductionist approaches to obtain process-oriented, mechanistic understanding, and a requirement to quantify responses to projected future scenarios of ocean change. We conclude the Review with recommendations on how best to align different experimental approaches to contribute fundamental information needed for science-based policy-formulation.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Boyd, PW and Collins, S and Dupont, S and Fabricius, K and Gattuso, J-P and Havenhand, J and Hutchins, DA and Riebesell, U and Rintoul, MS and Vichi, M and Biswas, H and Ciotti, A and Gao, K and Gehlen, M and Hurd, CL and Kurihawa, H and McGraw, CM and Navarro, J and Nilsson, GE and Passow, U and Portner, H-O
Keywords:	multiple stressors, multiple drivers, experimental design
Journal or Publication Title:	Global Change Biology
Publisher:	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ISSN:	1354-1013
DOI / ID Number:	10.1111/gcb.14102
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Boyd, PW UTAS Profile: Boyd, PW Google Scholar: Hurd, CL UTAS Profile: Hurd, CL
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