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Abstract

Industrial relations are defined as the management of work-related obligationsand entitlements between employers and their employees. Primary responsibilitiesare to monitor wages, employment rights, obligations and employment conditions.The issues of industrial relations, such as freedom of association, unionprotection and collective bargaining, are crucial when discussing the working andliving conditions of human resources in the broad maritime domain. Meanwhile,international conventions and codes provide the international conventionalstandards when ratified by countries. In this case, the international conventionsand codes which countries ratify may influence the way countries behave, bothdomestically and internationally. However, due to the fierce competition, particularlyunder the influence of globalisation, among shipping companies andmaritime states, cost-cutting has become a crucial strategy for a firm’s development.In this situation, cost reduction has impacted human resources especially maritimeworkers, such as seafarers and stevedores. The tensions urge interaction betweenemployees’ professional bodies and associations and employers to address theirown interests.

Item Type:	Book Section
Authors/Creators:	Zhang, W
Keywords:	industrial relations, international conventions
Publisher:	Routledge
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2018 The Author
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Zhang, W
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