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Abstract

Purpose: To identify genetic variants conferring susceptibility to esotropia. Esotropia is the most common form of comitant strabismus, has its highest incidence in European ancestry populations, and is believed to be inherited as a complex trait.Methods: White European American discovery cohorts with nonaccommodative (826 cases and 2991 controls) or accommodative (224 cases and 749 controls) esotropia were investigated. White European Australian and United Kingdom cohorts with nonaccommodative (689 cases and 1448 controls) or accommodative (66 cases and 264 controls) esotropia were tested for replication. We performed a genome-wide case-control association study using a mixed linear additive model. Meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts were then conducted.Results: A significant association with nonaccommodative esotropia was discovered (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, P = 2.84 × 10-09) and replicated (OR = 1.23, P = 0.01) at rs2244352 [T] located within intron 1 of the WRB (tryptophan rich basic protein) gene on chromosome 21 (meta-analysis OR = 1.33, P = 9.58 × 10-11). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is differentially methylated, and there is a statistically significant skew toward paternal inheritance in the discovery cohort. Meta-analysis of the accommodative discovery and replication cohorts identified an association with rs912759 [T] (OR = 0.59, P = 1.89 × 10-08), an intergenic SNP on chromosome 1p31.1.Conclusions: This is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify significant associations in esotropia and suggests a parent-of-origin effect. Additional cohorts will permit replication and extension of these findings. Future studies of rs2244352 and WRB should provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying comitant strabismus.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Shaaban, S and MacKinnon, S and Andrews, C and Staffieri, SE and Maconachie, GDE and Chan, W-M and Whitman, MC and Morton, SU and Yazar, S and MacGregor, S and Elder, JE and Traboulsi, EI and Gottlob, I and Hewitt, AW and Hunter, DG and Mackey, DA and Engle, EC
Keywords:	strabismus, esotropia, parent-of-origin, genome-wide association study, WRB
Journal or Publication Title:	Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Publisher:	Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
ISSN:	1552-5783
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24082
Copyright Information:	© 2018 The Authors. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Hewitt, AW UTAS Profile: Hewitt, AW
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