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Abstract

Using total electron content (TEC) data deduced from 18 Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in Africa and Middle East, we investigated the morphology of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and its underlying variations before, during and after the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. A southern EIA crest stronger than the northern EIA crest was observed for most of the days before the SSW event, while the EIA troughs were significantly obliterated after these SSW induced phases. In addition to the observed marked depletion of the hemispheric EIA crests during the SSW peak phase, we observed a terdiurnal variation straddling the northern EIA crests. This background terdiurnal signature is suggested to be partly responsible for the transport of more plasma to the northern hemisphere at the expense of southern hemisphere during the SSW peak phase. The consequences are higher pre-noon and post noon crests in the northern hemisphere compared to a single crest in the southern hemisphere. Contrary to previous modeling and experimental reports that the reductions in ionospheric TEC are due to semidiurnal variations resulting from the SSW peak phase, our results show that a terdiurnal variation was responsible for reducing the EEJ strength and TEC at the E-region and F2-region's topside, respectively. At the southern middle latitudes, an underlying diurnal variation was seen to initiate an increment in TEC during the SSW descending phase.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Bolaji, OS and Oyeyemi, EO and Jimoh, OE and Fujimoto, A and Doherty, PH and Owolabi, OP and Adeniyi, JO and Falayi, EO and Abe, E and Kaka, RO and Kotoye, A
Keywords:	total electron content, equatorial ionization anomaly, latitudinal twin EIA crests, planetary waves, sudden stratospheric warmings
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Publisher:	Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
ISSN:	1364-6826
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2019.01.006
Copyright Information:	© 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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