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Abstract

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) can spread quickly and cause enormous morbidityand mortality worldwide. These events pose serious threats to public health due to time lags indeveloping vaccines to activate the acquired immune system. The high variability of people’ssymptomatic responses to viral infections, as illustrated in the current COVID-19 pandemic, indicatesthe potential to moderate the severity of morbidity from VRIs. Growing evidence supports rolesfor probiotic bacteria (PB) and prebiotic dietary fiber (DF) and other plant nutritional bioactivesin modulating immune functions. While human studies help to understand the epidemiology andimmunopathology of VRIs, the chaotic nature of viral transmissions makes it difficult to undertakemechanistic study where the pre-conditioning of the metabolic and immune system could bebeneficial. However, recent experimental studies have significantly enhanced our understanding ofhow PB and DF, along with plant bioactives, can significantly modulate innate and acquired immunityresponses to VRIs. Synbiotic combinations of PB and DF potentiate increased benefits primarilythrough augmenting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. These andspecific plant polyphenolics help to regulate immune responses to both restrain VRIs and temperthe neutrophil response that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This reviewhighlights the current understanding of the potential impact of targeted nutritional strategies insetting a balanced immune tone for viral clearance and reinforcing homeostasis. This knowledge mayguide the development of public health tactics and the application of functional foods with PB andDF components as a nutritional approach to support countering VRI morbidity

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Shinde, T and Hansbro, PM and Sohal, SS and Dingle, P and Eri, R and Stanley, R
Keywords:	COVID-19, dietary fiber, innate immune response, probiotic, synbiotic, functional foods, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), dysbiosis, gut microbiota
Journal or Publication Title:	Microorganisms
Publisher:	M D P I AG
ISSN:	2076-2607
DOI / ID Number:	10.3390/microorganisms8060921
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2020 The Authors. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Sohal, SS UTAS Profile: Sohal, SS Google Scholar: Eri, R UTAS Profile: Eri, R Google Scholar: Stanley, R UTAS Profile: Stanley, R
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