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The energy cost of the tonoplast futile sodium leak

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Abstract
Active removal of Na+ from the cytosol into the vacuole plays a critical role in salinity tissue tolerance, but another, often neglected component of this trait is Na+ retention in vacuoles. This retention is based on an efficient control of Na+‐permeable slow‐ and fast‐vacuolar channels that mediate the back‐leak of Na+ into cytosol and, if not regulated tightly, could result in a futile cycle. This Tansley insight summarizes our current knowledge of regulation of tonoplast Na+‐permeable channels and discusses the energy cost of vacuolar Na+ sequestration, under different scenarios. We also report on a phylogenetic and bioinformatic analysis of the plant two‐pore channel family and the difference in its structure and regulation between halophytes and glycophytes, in the context of salinity tolerance.
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: | Shabala, S and Chen, G and Chen, ZH and Pottosin, I |
Keywords: | H+-ATPase, halophyte, salinity stress, tonoplast ion channels, two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), vacuolar sodium sequestration, tonoplast, SV, VF |
Journal or Publication Title: | New Phytologist |
Publisher: | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
ISSN: | 0028-646X |
DOI / ID Number: | 10.1111/nph.15758 |
Copyright Information: | Copyright 2019 the authors |
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