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Abstract

BackgroundDiving marine predators forage in a three-dimensional environment, adjusting their horizontal and vertical movement behaviour in response to environmental conditions and the spatial distribution of prey. Expectations regarding horizontal-vertical movements are derived from optimal foraging theories, however, inconsistent empirical findings across a range of taxa suggests these behavioural assumptions are not universally applicable.MethodsHere, we examined how changes in horizontal movement trajectories corresponded with diving behaviour and marine environmental conditions for a ubiquitous Southern Ocean predator, the Adélie penguin. Integrating extensive telemetry-based movement and environmental datasets for chick-rearing Adélie penguins at Béchervaise Island, we tested the relationships between horizontal move persistence (continuous scale indicating low [‘resident’] to high [‘directed’] movement autocorrelation), vertical dive effort and environmental variables.ResultsPenguins dived continuously over the course of their foraging trips and lower horizontal move persistence corresponded with less intense foraging activity, likely indicative of resting behaviour. This challenges the traditional interpretation of horizontal-vertical movement relationships based on optimal foraging models, which assumes increased residency within an area translates to increased foraging activity. Movement was also influenced by different environmental conditions during the two stages of chick-rearing: guard and crèche. These differences highlight the strong seasonality of foraging habitat for chick-rearing Adélie penguins at Béchervaise Island.ConclusionsOur findings advance our understanding of the foraging behaviour for this marine predator and demonstrates the importance of integrating spatial location and behavioural data before inferring habitat use.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Riaz, J and Bestley, S and Wotherspoon, S and Emmerson, L
Keywords:	foraging behaviour, Pygoscelis adeliae, area-restricted search, horizontal movement, dive behaviour, habitat use
Journal or Publication Title:	Movement Ecology
Publisher:	BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN:	2051-3933
DOI / ID Number:	10.1186/s40462-021-00280-8
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2021 the Authors. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Bestley, S UTAS Profile: Bestley, S Google Scholar: Wotherspoon, S UTAS Profile: Wotherspoon, S
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