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Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging environmental pollutants of global concern. For rapid field site evaluation, there are very few sensitive, field-deployable analytical techniques. In this work, a portable lightweight capillary liquid chromatography (capLC) system was coupled with a small footprint portable mass spectrometer and configured for field-based applications. Further, an at-site ultrasound-assisted extraction (pUAE) methodology was developed and applied with a portable capLC/mass spectrometry (MS) system for on-site analysis of PFASs in real soil samples. The influential variables on the integration of capLC with MS and on the resolution and signal intensity of the capLC/MS setup were investigated. The important parameters affecting the efficiency of the pUAE method were also studied and optimized using the response surface methodology based on a central composite design. The mean recovery for 11 PFASs ranged between 70 and 110%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 3 to 12%. In-field method sensitivity for 12 PFASs ranged from 0.6 to 0.1 ng/g, with wide dynamic ranges (1–600 ng/g) and excellent linearities (R2 > 0.991). The in-field portable system was benchmarked against a commercial lab-based LC–tandem MS (MS/MS) system for the analysis of PFASs in real soil samples, with the results showing good agreement. When deployed to a field site, 12 PFASs were detected and identified in real soil samples at concentrations ranging from 8.1 ng/g (for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) to 2935.0 ng/g (perfluorohexanesulfonic acid).

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Hemida, MHS and Ghiasvand, A and Gupta, V and Coates, LJ and Gooley, AA and Wirth, H and Haddad, PR
Keywords:	field-deployable LC-MS, on-site analysis, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, soil
Journal or Publication Title:	Analytical Chemistry
Publisher:	Amer Chemical Soc
ISSN:	0003-2700
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02193
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Ghiasvand, A Google Scholar: Gupta, V UTAS Profile: Gupta, V UTAS Profile: Gooley, AA UTAS Profile: Wirth, H UTAS Profile: Haddad, PR
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