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Abstract

Growth regulation tailors development in plants to their environment. A prominent example of this is the response to gravity, in which shoots bend up and roots bend down1. This paradox is based on opposite effects of the phytohormone auxin, which promotes cell expansion in shoots while inhibiting it in roots via a yet unknown cellular mechanism2. Here, by combining microfluidics, live imaging, genetic engineering and phosphoproteomics in Arabidopsis thaliana, we advance understanding of how auxin inhibits root growth. We show that auxin activates two distinct, antagonistically acting signalling pathways that converge on rapid regulation of apoplastic pH, a causative determinant of growth. Cell surface-based TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1) interacts with and mediates phosphorylation and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for apoplast acidification, while intracellular canonical auxin signalling promotes net cellular H+ influx, causing apoplast alkalinization. Simultaneous activation of these two counteracting mechanisms poises roots for rapid, fine-tuned growth modulation in navigating complex soil environments.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Li, L and Verstraeten, I and Roosjen, M and Takahashi, K and Rodriguez, L and Merrin, J and Chen, J and Shabala, L and Smet, W and Ren, H and Vanneste, S and Shabala, S and De Rybel, B and Weijers, D and Kinoshita, T and Gray, WM and Friml, J
Keywords:	auxin, signalling, root growth
Journal or Publication Title:	Nature
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	0028-0836
DOI / ID Number:	10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6
Copyright Information:	Copyright 2021 Nature
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Shabala, L UTAS Profile: Shabala, L Google Scholar: Shabala, S UTAS Profile: Shabala, S
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