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Abstract

The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet's ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into "Ocean Best Practices." While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Pearlman, J and Bushnell, M and Coppola, L and Karstensen, J and Buttigieg, PL and Pearlman, F and Simpson, P and Barbier, M and Muller-Karger, FE and Munoz-Mas, C and Pissierssens, P and Chandler, C and Hermes, J and Heslop, E and Jenkyns, R and Achterberg, EP and Bensi, M and Bittig, HC and Blandin, J and Bosch, J and Bourles, B and Bozzano, R and Buck, JJH and Burger, EF and Cano, D and Cardin, V and Llorens, MC and Cianca, A and Chen, H and Cusack, C and Delory, E and Garello, R and Giovanetti, G and Harscoat, V and Hartman, S and Heitsenrether, R and Jirka, S and Lara-Lopez, A and Lanteri, N and Leadbetter, A and Manzella, G and Maso, J and McCurdy, A and Moussat, E and Ntoumas, M and Pensieri, S and Petihakis, G and Pinardi, N and Pouliquen, S and Przeslawski, R and Roden, NP and Silke, J and Tamburri, MN and Tang, H and Tanhua, T and Telszewski, M and Testor, P and Thomas, J and Waldmann, C and Whoriskey, F
Keywords:	evolving and sustaining best practices, best practices, sustainability, interoperability, digital repository, peer review, ocean observing, ontologies, methodologies
Journal or Publication Title:	Frontiers in Marine Science
Publisher:	Frontiers Research Foundation
ISSN:	2296-7745
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00277
Copyright Information:	Copyright © 2019 Pearlman, Bushnell, Coppola, Karstensen, Buttigieg, Pearlman, Simpson, Barbier, Muller-Karger, Munoz-Mas, Pissierssens, Chandler, Hermes, Heslop, Jenkyns, Achterberg, Bensi, Bittig, Blandin, Bosch, Bourles, Bozzano, Buck, Burger, Cano, Cardin, Llorens, Cianca, Chen, Cusack, Delory, Garello, Giovanetti, Harscoat, Hartman, Heitsenrether, Jirka, Lara-Lopez, Lantéri, Leadbetter,Manzella, Maso, McCurdy, Moussat, Ntoumas, Pensieri, Petihakis, Pinardi, Pouliquen, Przeslawski, Roden, Silke, Tamburri, Tang, Tanhua, Telszewski, Testor, Thomas, Waldmann and Whoriskey. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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