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Abstract

Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5-30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Ahmad, T and Eapen, MS and Ishaq, M and Park, A and Karpiniec, SS and Stringer, DN and Sohal, SS and Fitton, JH and Guven, N and Caruso, V and Eri, R
Keywords:	fucoidan, PBMCs, THP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria japonica
Journal or Publication Title:	Marine Drugs
Publisher:	MDPI AG
ISSN:	1660-3397
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.3390/md19120702
Copyright Information:	Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: Sohal, SS UTAS Profile: Sohal, SS Google Scholar: Guven, N UTAS Profile: Guven, N Google Scholar: Caruso, V UTAS Profile: Caruso, V Google Scholar: Eri, R UTAS Profile: Eri, R
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