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Abstract

We are dependent on our oceans for economic, health and social benefits; however, demands on our oceans are escalating, and the state of the oceans is deteriorating. Only 2% of countries are on track to achieve the desired outcomes for the sustainable development goal (SDG 14) for the oceans by 2030, and the changes needed to prevent further degradation, or limit the impact of existing degradation, are not being undertaken fast enough. This paper uses a socio-ecological lens to explore the nature of actors and behaviours for change at the local, community, state, national and international levels, and introduces the need for technology, information- and knowledge-sharing, and policy as interconnected mediators, that work both in concert, and independently, to address the super wicked problem of ocean health and to promote resilience. We recommend the need to develop transformational teams and leaders, as well as transformative policies within a holistic and integrated system to ensure ocean health initiatives are greater than the sum of their parts and are actual, realistic, achievable and evidence-informed pathways to change.

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	de Salas, K and Scott, JL and Schuz, B and Norris, K
Keywords:	behaviour, ocean health, resilience, sustainability, wicked problem
Journal or Publication Title:	Philosophical Transactions B.
Publisher:	The Royal Society Publishing
ISSN:	0962-8436
DOI / ID Number:	https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0271
Copyright Information:	© 2022 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society.
Related URLs:	Google Scholar: de Salas, K UTAS Profile: de Salas, K UTAS Profile: Scott, JL Google Scholar: Norris, K UTAS Profile: Norris, K
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